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A Faqīh (plural Fuqahā') ((アラビア語:فقيه, pl. فقهاء)) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law. (While most expert in Islamic jurisprudence are Muslims and Faqīh, some non-Muslims also study fiqh.) ==Definition== (詳細はIslamic jurisprudence〔(Fiqh ) Encyclopedia Britannica〕 or fiqh is the human understanding of the Sharia (believed by Muslims to represent divine law as revealed in the Quran and the ''Sunnah'' (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad)) —sharia expanded and developed by interpretation (''ijtihad'') of the Quran and ''Sunnah'' by Islamic jurists (''Ulema'')〔 and implemented by the rulings (''Fatwa'') of jurists on questions presented to them. ''Fiqh'' deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam. In the modern era there are four prominent schools (''madh'hab'') of ''fiqh'' within Sunni practice and two (or three) within Shi'a practice.〔Glasse, Cyril, ''The New Encyclopedia of Islam'', Altamira, 2001, p.141〕 The historian Ibn Khaldun describes ''fiqh'' as "knowledge of the rules of God which concern the actions of persons who own themselves bound to obey the law respecting what is required (''wajib''), sinful (''haraam''), recommended (''mandūb''), disapproved (''makrūh'') or neutral (''mubah'')".〔Levy (1957). Page 150.〕 This definition is consistent amongst the jurists. Another definition of ''Fiqh'' is "Knowledge of legislative rulings, pertaining to the actions of man, as derived from their detailed evidences." *"Legislative rulings..." here excludes rulings that are purely theoretical in nature, such as those found in the science of ''Usul Al Fiqh'', as well as those theological in nature, generally discussed in the books of Aqidah or Kalam. *"derived from their detailed evidences" here connotes two things: #that there is a method of derivation; and, #that the source for such derivation are the various evidences considered valid Islamically. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Faqīh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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